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Oxidative stress status in kidney tissue after losartan and atenolol treatment in experimental renal failure
Ulle Pechter1, Marina Aunapuu, Zivile Riispere
1Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. ylle.pechter@kliinikum.ee
Background/Aims:
Rats with subtotal nephrectomy (5/6NPX) rapidly develop systemic hypertension and proteinuria. The aim of our study was to evaluate the changes in oxidative stress parameters after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-blocking agent losartan and beta-blocking agent atenolol in experimental chronic renal failure (CRF).
Methods:
After 5/6NPX, rats were immediately treated with losartan or atenolol. The lipid peroxidation (LPO) products malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals and oxidized and reduced glutathione values were measured in the renal cortex tissue and in blood; isoprostanes in urine.
Results:
There were no differences in the blood pressure values, serum creatinine levels or in daily proteinuria using both antihypertensive treatments. Losartan treatment lowered significantly LPO in kidney tissue after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment compared with untreated and atenolol-treated animals and induced the decrease of excretion of isoprostanes in urine at the end of the study. There was no ameliorating impact of losartan or atenolol observed in the blood status of oxidative stress in this period of time.
Conclusion:
In the early period of experimental CRF, losartan treatment but not atenolol treatment induces significant decline in LPO grade in the kidney tissue of nephrectomized rats. RAS blockade in the kidney influences local tissue LPO in a much greater extent than in blood.
Insights
Losartan treatment significantly reduced kidney oxidative stress in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). Atenolol did not show similar benefits, indicating renin-angiotensin system blockade is key for renal protection.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiovascular Research
- Oxidative Stress
Background:
- Subtotal nephrectomy (5/6NPX) in rats causes hypertension and proteinuria, mimicking chronic renal failure (CRF).
- Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the progression of kidney disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess oxidative stress changes with losartan (RAS-blocking) and atenolol (beta-blocking) in experimental CRF.
- To compare the efficacy of these agents in mitigating oxidative damage.
Main Methods:
- Rats underwent 5/6NPX and were treated with losartan or atenolol.
- Measured lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxyalkenals), glutathione, and urinary isoprostanes in renal cortex and blood.
Main Results:
- Neither drug altered blood pressure, serum creatinine, or proteinuria.
- Losartan significantly reduced kidney lipid peroxidation and urinary isoprostanes compared to controls and atenolol.
- No improvements in blood oxidative stress markers were observed with either treatment.
Conclusions:
- Losartan, but not atenolol, significantly reduced kidney lipid peroxidation in early experimental CRF.
- Renin-angiotensin system blockade effectively targets local renal oxidative stress more than systemic markers.
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