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Related Experiment Videos

Passive and active floating torque during swimming.

Per-Ludvik Kjendlie1, Robert Keig Stallman, James Stray-Gundersen

  • 1Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, Ullevål Stadion, PO BOX 4014, 0840 Oslo, Norway. per-ludvik.kjendlie@nih.no

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|June 29, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Passive underwater torque and hydrostatic lift affect body angle in front crawl swimming at submaximal speeds, particularly at 63% of maximal velocity. Body size influences passive torque, but these factors do not impact maximal sprinting performance.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding factors influencing swimming technique is crucial for performance enhancement.
  • Passive underwater torque and hydrostatic lift are potential hydrodynamic forces affecting body position.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of passive underwater torque on active body angle during front crawl swimming.
  • To determine how body size influences passive torque and body angle.
  • To assess the effects of passive torque, body angle, and hydrostatic lift on maximal sprinting performance.

Main Methods:

  • Measured body angle at maximal and submaximal velocities using underwater video analysis.
  • Determined passive torque and hydrostatic lift via underwater weighing.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Calculated center of mass and center of volume for 10 young and 12 adult male swimmers.

    • Main Results:

    • Passive torque significantly correlated with body angle at 63% of maximal velocity (r=-0.57).
    • Size-normalized passive torque correlated with body angles at 63% (r=-0.59) and 77% (r=-0.54) of maximal velocity.
    • Hydrostatic lift correlated with body angle at 63% of maximal velocity (r=-0.45).
    • Passive torque and size-normalized passive torque increase with body size.
    • At higher velocities, passive torque and hydrostatic lift did not influence body angle.

    Conclusions:

    • Hydrostatic lift and passive torque influence body angle at 63% of maximal velocity in front crawl swimming.
    • Adult swimmers may compensate for passive torque at submaximal speeds by adjusting body angle.
    • Body size impacts passive torque, but when normalized, passive torque and hydrostatic lift do not affect maximal sprinting velocity.