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Related Experiment Videos

Hypersensitivity to metals in orthodontics.

Luciane M Menezes1, Luis C Campos, Catia C Quintão

  • 1Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Rua Vicente da Fontoura, 2199/402, Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre/RS CEP: 90.640-003, Brazil. luciane@portoweb.com.br

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|June 30, 2004
PubMed
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Orthodontic patients showed hypersensitivity to nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, and manganese chloride. Orthodontic appliance placement did not alter metal sensitivity during the study period.

Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Hypersensitivity reactions to metals used in orthodontic appliances are a clinical concern.
  • Prevalence and impact of metal allergies in orthodontic patients require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of hypersensitivity to common orthodontic metals.
  • To assess if orthodontic appliance placement influences metal sensitization.

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing with eight metal salts (cobalt chloride, copper sulfate, potassium dichromate, iron sulfate, manganese chloride, molybdenum salt, nickel sulfate, titanium oxide) was performed on 38 patients.
  • Tests were conducted before and two months after orthodontic appliance placement.
  • Reactions were assessed by a dermatologist, and data analyzed using chi-square and McNemar's tests.

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Main Results:

  • Significant positive patch test reactions were observed for nickel sulfate (21.1%) and potassium dichromate (21.1%), with manganese chloride showing a 7.9% reaction rate.
  • Nickel sulfate elicited the most intense reactions.
  • No significant difference in metal hypersensitivity was found before and after appliance placement, suggesting no induced sensitization.

Conclusions:

  • Nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, and manganese chloride are common allergens in orthodontic patients.
  • Current orthodontic appliances do not appear to sensitize patients to these metals or alter their existing tolerance during the study period.
  • While no statistical sex difference was found, a trend suggested higher nickel sulfate sensitivity in females and potassium dichromate sensitivity in males.