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Halogens

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.

P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

Field Effect Transistor

Field Effect Transistor

Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...

Biasing of FET

Biasing of FET

Biasing a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is crucial for setting operational parameters and ensuring efficient functioning in electronic circuits. JFETs are characterized by using a single carrier type in N-channel or P-channel configurations, where the channel is surrounded by PN junctions. These junctions are central to the device's ability to control current flow.
In an N-channel JFET, the structure consists of N-type material forming the channel on a P-type substrate, with the gate...

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no current...

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Perfluoropentacene: high-performance p-n junctions and complementary circuits with pentacene.

Youichi Sakamoto¹, Toshiyasu Suzuki, Masafumi Kobayashi

¹Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|July 1, 2004

Summary

Perfluoropentacene is a new n-type semiconductor for organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), showing good electron mobility and enabling bipolar transistor operation. This material advances organic electronics with its performance in inverter circuits.

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Area of Science:

Organic electronics
Materials science
Semiconductor physics

Background:

Pentacene is a well-studied organic semiconductor, but typically exhibits p-type behavior.
Developing stable and efficient n-type organic semiconductors is crucial for complementary circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize perfluoropentacene as a potential n-type semiconductor.
To evaluate its performance in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).
To explore its use in bipolar transistors and inverter circuits.

Main Methods:

Synthesis and structural characterization of perfluoropentacene.
Fabrication of OFETs using a top-contact geometry.
Electrical characterization of device performance, including electron mobility and transfer characteristics.
Construction and testing of complementary inverter circuits.

Main Results:

Perfluoropentacene was successfully synthesized and characterized as a planar, crystalline material with a herringbone structure.
OFETs demonstrated an electron mobility of 0.11 cm^2 V^-1 s^-1.
Bipolar OFETs exhibited functionality at both negative and positive gate voltages, indicating improved p-n junctions.
Complementary inverter circuits showed sharp signal inversion and high-voltage gain.

Conclusions:

Perfluoropentacene is a promising n-type semiconductor for organic electronics.
Its structural similarity to pentacene contributes to improved p-n junction performance.
Perfluoropentacene enables the fabrication of high-performance complementary organic circuits.