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Dispersal-mediated coexistence of competing predators.

Toshiyuki Namba¹, Chiemi Hashimoto

¹Department of Environmental Sciences, Osaka Women's University, Daisen-cho 2-1, Sakai, Osaka 590-0035, Japan. tnamba@center.osaka-wu.ac.jp

Theoretical Population Biology

|July 1, 2004

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Dispersal can enable competing species to coexist, even if one is outcompeted locally. Higher dispersal of the superior competitor can paradoxically benefit the inferior species in connected habitats.

Area of Science:

Ecology
Theoretical Ecology
Metacommunity Dynamics

Background:

Metapopulation models often overlook local community interactions and habitat patchiness.
Species persistence relies on both local dynamics and inter-patch dispersal rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how dispersal influences the coexistence of competing species in a two-patch metacommunity.
To explore mechanisms beyond spatial asynchrony and competition-colonization trade-offs that promote regional coexistence.

Main Methods:

Development of a mathematical model simulating two consumers competing for a shared resource across two distinct habitat patches.
Analysis of species interactions under varying dispersal rates and patch productivities.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

Species can coexist via dispersal even if one is outcompeted in isolation.
Dispersal can facilitate coexistence through synchronous oscillations or stable equilibrium.
Increased dispersal of the superior competitor can promote the inferior competitor's persistence.

Conclusions:

Diffusive dispersal is a key factor mediating competitor coexistence in metacommunities.
Habitat heterogeneity and resource dynamics, influenced by dispersal, can decouple local communities and enable coexistence.