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Related Experiment Videos

Serotonin, the periaqueductal gray and panic.

Frederico G Graeff1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil. fgraeff@keynet.com.br

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|July 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Serotonin (5-HT) differentially affects anxiety and panic. Enhancing 5-HT increases anxiety but decreases panic, supporting its role in panic disorder treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Serotonin (5-HT) plays a complex role in defensive behaviors.
  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding 5-HT's effect on anxiety and fear in animal models.
  • Distinguishing between conditioned anxiety and unconditioned fear is crucial for understanding 5-HT's role in panic disorder (PD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dual role of serotonin (5-HT) in modulating anxiety and panic.
  • To test the hypothesis that 5-HT facilitates anxiety but inhibits panic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence and theoretical constructs.
  • Utilized animal models (elevated T-maze) and human studies (experimental anxiety, CO2-induced panic attacks).
  • Examined the effects of drugs enhancing or impairing 5-HT function.

Main Results:

  • Drugs enhancing 5-HT function increased anxiety measures.
  • These drugs decreased panic indexes.
  • Drugs impairing 5-HT function exhibited opposite effects.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the hypothesis that serotonin (5-HT) differentially modulates anxiety and panic.
  • 5-HT appears to facilitate anxiety while inhibiting panic.
  • This modulation has implications for understanding and treating panic disorder (PD).

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