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Mammalian central nervous system trace amines. Pharmacologic amphetamines, physiologic neuromodulators
1ALviva Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. markberry@sasktel.net
Journal of Neurochemistry
|July 2, 2004
Summary
Trace amines, like 2-phenylethylamine and tryptamine, are not just by-products. New research suggests these trace amines act as neuromodulators, influencing monoamine neurotransmitter systems in the brain.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biochemistry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Trace amines (e.g., 2-phenylethylamine, tryptamine) are present in the mammalian central nervous system.
- Historically considered metabolic by-products, their physiological significance is being re-evaluated.
- Recent discovery of mammalian trace amine receptors has renewed interest in their function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review studies on trace amine effects at physiological concentrations.
- To explore the relationship between trace amine levels and monoaminergic tone.
- To hypothesize the neuromodulatory role of trace amines.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on trace amine studies.
- Analysis of studies examining physiological concentrations.
- Examination of reciprocal relationships with monoaminergic tone.
Main Results:
- Trace amines cause amphetamine-like effects only at supra-physiological concentrations.
- Physiologically relevant concentrations elicit distinct responses.
- A reciprocal relationship exists between trace amine levels and basal monoaminergic tone.
Conclusions:
- Trace amines are hypothesized to function as endogenous neuromodulators.
- They alter neuronal sensitivity to monoamine neurotransmitters.
- This modulation occurs without changing neuronal excitability in the absence of neurotransmitters.