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Variables affecting immediate pain tolerance in X-ray hysterosalpingography
1Department of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences and Civil Hospital, Karachi.
Summary
Pain during hysterosalpingography (HSG) is influenced by factors like infertility type and emotional state. Understanding these variables can improve patient comfort during the X-ray procedure.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Gynecology
- Pain Management
Background:
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a common radiological procedure.
- Pain perception during HSG can significantly impact patient experience and compliance.
- Identifying factors influencing pain is crucial for improving procedural outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify variables affecting pain tolerance during X-ray hysterosalpingography (HSG).
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional comparative study involving 250 patients undergoing HSG.
- Pain was assessed using visual analog and coin scales post-diclofenac pre-medication.
- Variables analyzed included patient demographics, infertility characteristics, emotional state, and procedural details.
Main Results:
- Amenorrhea, secondary infertility, apprehension, prolonged procedure (>15 min), and ionic contrast were linked to intolerable pain.
- Primary infertility, calm state, self-motivation, absence of cystocele, and shorter duration correlated with better pain tolerance.
- Contrast volume and tubal patency showed no significant association with pain levels.
Conclusions:
- Patient-related factors (infertility type, emotional state, motivation) and procedural duration significantly influence HSG pain.
- Cystocele presence and type of contrast medium may also play a role, warranting further investigation.
- Optimizing these factors can enhance patient comfort during HSG.