Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
Published on: March 14, 2021
ADP-ribosylation factor6 regulates both [3H]-noradrenaline and [14C]-glutamate exocytosis through
1Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA.
Abstract:
GTP phosphohydrolase (cell regulating) (EC 3.6.1.47, ADP-ribosylation factor6, ARF6) has been shown to play an important role in different steps of membrane trafficking. It also regulates chromaffin granule exocytosis through phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase (EC 3.1.4.14, PLD) activation. In this study, the role of ARF6 in neurotransmitter release from both dense-core granules (DCGs) and synaptic vesicles (SVs) in rat brain cortex nerve endings was investigated. We observed that synaptosomal ARF6 is largely particulate but moves to a less easily pelleted compartment upon nerve ending stimulation. We also found that direct inhibition of ARF6 by a specific antibody or interference with ARF6 downstream effects by a myristoylated N-terminal ARF6 peptide both significantly decreased both [3H]-noradrenaline and [14C]-glutamate exocytosis. Addition of phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) partially or completely restored exocytosis. These findings suggest that ARF6 plays important regulatory roles for both DCG and SV exocytosis by activating PLD and ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4-phosphate 5-phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.68, PI4P-5K) to enhance PIP2 synthesis and nerve ending membrane trafficking.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway
Phosphoinositides and PIPs
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

