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Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Contractility Measurements on Isolated Papillary Muscles for the Investigation of Cardiac Inotropy in Mice
Published on: September 17, 2015
Comparative inotropic effects of local anesthetics in isolated cat papillary muscles
1Department of Anesthesiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Abstract:
The direct inotropic action of seven local anesthetics: procaine, mapivacaine, lidocaine, tetracaine, chloroprocaine, bupivacaine and etidocaine were compared in isolated cat papillary muscles. All of the local anesthetics produced a dose-related depression of maximal velocity of shortening (Vmax), maximal developed force (Fm) and maximal dF/dt. The more potent local anesthetics such as bupivacaine and etidocaine depressed myocardial contractility at significantly lower concentrations than the less potent local anesthetics such as lidocaine and mepivacaine. Depression of Vmax by bupivacaine or etidocaine was three times greater than that by lidocaine and ten times greater than that by procaine. At the same concentration (10(-4) M), direct myocardial depression was demonstrated in the following order of severity: etidocaine >/= bupivacaine >> tetracaine >> chloroprocaine >/= lidocaine >> mepivacaine >> procaine.
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