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Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR
14:44

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Published on: December 16, 2013

Influence of the [2.1.1]-(2,6)-pyridinophane macrocycle ring size constraint on the structure and reactivity of

A N Vedernikov1, M Pink, K G Caulton

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Molecular Structure Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.

Inorganic Chemistry
|July 9, 2004
PubMed

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This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
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For example, in...
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Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

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The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this staggered...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
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Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that was based on the...
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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
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