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The pathogenic equine streptococci.

John F Timoney1

  • 1Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA. jtimoney@uky.edu

Veterinary Research
|July 9, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Pathogenic streptococci in horses, including Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus, share virulence factors. Research is advancing to identify unique factors for vaccine development against these equine bacterial infections.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Equine Infectious Diseases
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Key pathogenic streptococci in horses include Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Streptococcus equi shares significant DNA homology with Streptococcus zooepidemicus, indicating common virulence factors, while also possessing unique surface-expressed and secreted proteins like SeM and SePE-I.
  • Streptococcus zooepidemicus is a frequent opportunistic pathogen in horses, yet research on its virulence factors and gene regulation remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of virulence factors and host-pathogen interactions for key streptococcal species pathogenic to horses.
  • To highlight the importance of genomic sequencing in identifying novel vaccine targets for equine streptococcal infections.

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  • To emphasize the need for further research into the virulence mechanisms and gene regulation of Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.

    • Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on equine pathogenic streptococci.
    • Analysis of genomic data for Streptococcus equi to identify virulence factors and potential vaccine targets.
    • Characterization of known virulence factors, including surface proteins and secreted toxins.

    Main Results:

    • Streptococcus equi possesses unique antiphagocytic and pyrogenic virulence factors, with its genome sequence accelerating the identification of new targets.
    • Equine Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates are clonal, characterized by capsule Type III and deletions in autolysin and pneumolysin genes.
    • Variation in protective immunogenic SzP proteins of Streptococcus zooepidemicus has been characterized, but regulation of other virulence factors requires study.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the complex interplay of multiple virulence factors across different stages of pathogenesis is crucial for combating equine streptococcal diseases.
    • Genomic insights into equine pathogenic streptococci are vital for discovering effective immunogens and developing novel vaccines.
    • Further research is imperative to elucidate the virulence strategies of Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis for improved disease control in horses.