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Related Experiment Videos

African horse sickness.

Philip Scott Mellor1, Christopher Hamblin

  • 1Institute for Animal Health, Department of Arbovirology, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Rd., Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom. philip.mellor@bbsrc.ac.uk

Veterinary Research
|July 9, 2004
PubMed
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African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is an insect-borne equid disease. Climate change is expanding the range of its primary vector, Culicoides imicola, potentially increasing AHSV outbreaks in new regions.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Climate Change Impact on Disease Vectors

Background:

  • African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is an infectious, insect-borne disease affecting equids, endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and Yemen.
  • The virus periodically spreads beyond endemic zones, reaching as far as India, Pakistan, Spain, and Portugal.
  • Key vectors include certain Culicoides biting midges, notably the Afro-Asiatic species C. imicola.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the effects of AHSV on equid hosts.
  • To analyze the epidemiology of AHSV.
  • To discuss current and future control strategies and the impact of climate change on AHSV distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of AHSV effects on equids.
  • Epidemiological analysis of AHSV distribution and spread.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of vector prevalence, seasonal incidence, and climate-driven range expansion.
  • Discussion of control measures and future prospects.

    • Main Results:

    • AHSV distribution is influenced by control measures, vertebrate reservoirs, and vector prevalence, which is climate-dependent.
    • Climate change has facilitated the northward expansion of the primary vector, C. imicola, into Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, and southern Switzerland.
    • In newly colonized areas, C. imicola is active year-round, mirroring patterns seen with bluetongue virus outbreaks.

    Conclusions:

    • The northward expansion of C. imicola due to climate change poses a significant risk for increased AHSV incidence and endemicity in previously unaffected regions of Europe.
    • Similar to bluetongue virus, AHSV epidemiology may undergo substantial changes, necessitating proactive surveillance and control measures.
    • Future prospects for AHSV control must consider the dynamic impact of climate change on vector populations and geographic distribution.