Managing anterior shoulder instability with bracing: an expanded update

This article provides an updated report on functional bracing for anterior shoulder instability. A classification of shoulder braces is reintroduced into three separate types. Type A braces limit shoulder motion to a "safe zone," whereas types B and C apply indirect and direct stabilizing forces to the joint, respectively. Thirteen of the most widely available braces were surveyed and the parameters of comfort, convenience, construction, cost, potential sport use, and special features were analyzed. Problem areas included poor fit and range of motion restriction. The system of classifying sports based on shoulder demands is reintroduced.