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[Hormonal replacement therapy and breast cancer. A case-control study]
María Antonia Basavilvazo Rodríguez1, Alfonso Díaz Quiroz, Roberto Lemus Rocha
1Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia número 3, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza y Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México, DF.
Ginecologia Y Obstetricia De Mexico
|July 9, 2004
Summary
Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) does not show a direct association with increased breast cancer risk. Individualized risk-benefit assessments and regular screenings are crucial for patients considering HRT.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Endocrinology
- Gynecology
Background:
- Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in women over 35.
- Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) has been linked to both benefits and risks, including potential increases in breast cancer incidence.
- Estrogen receptors in cancer cells suggest a role for hormones in cancer promotion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between HRT use and breast cancer incidence.
- To evaluate HRT as a risk factor in women within an oncology-gynecological service.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive study comparing breast cancer patients (cases) with non-cancer patients (controls).
- Statistical analysis included odds ratios (MM) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test.
- p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Main Results:
- HRT use showed an odds ratio of 0.75 (95% CI 0.62-1.15, p=0.28), indicating no significant association with breast cancer.
- Other factors analyzed included maternal nursing (MM 0.68), multiparity (MM 0.42), obesity (MM 1.67), and familial history (MM 1.23).
- Obesity and familial history showed a trend towards significance (p=0.05).
Conclusions:
- No direct association was found between HRT and breast cancer incidence in this study.
- Decision to use HRT requires individualized risk-benefit assessment.
- Regular mammography, physical examinations, self-examination, and limiting HRT use to under 5 years are recommended.