Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation
Published on: January 2, 2017
Immunosuppression and modulation in liver transplantation
Jens Encke1, Waldemar Uhl, Wolfgang Stremmel
1Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, Intoxications, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimerstrasse 58, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. Jens_Encke@med.uni-heidelberg.de
Abstract:
Recent advances in immunosuppressive drug regimens have changed the outcome after liver transplantation significantly in the last two decades. However, chronic rejection and long-term graft survival remains a major problem. Side effects like drug-induced nephrotoxicity, hypertension, osteoporosis, hyperlipidaemia and neuropathy of some immunosuppressive agents play an essential role in long-term allograft and patient survival. This review outlines the current treatment of short- and long-term immunosuppression in liver transplanted patients, it summarizes the treatment of acute and chronic rejection, describes the complications and side effects of immunosuppressive therapy and points out the current use of immunosuppressive therapy in living-related liver transplantation.
Related Concept Videos
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management
Tissue Transplantation
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

