Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

AN-9 (Titan)

Erole Hobdy1, John Murren

  • 1Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs (London, England : 2000)
|July 10, 2004
PubMed

Insights

AN-9, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, shows potential in treating liver tumors and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical trials are evaluating its efficacy and combination therapy for various cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Titan is developing AN-9, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor analog of butyric acid.
  • AN-9 induces apoptosis in cancer cells by signaling cellular differentiation.
  • HDAC inhibitors represent a promising class of anticancer agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of AN-9 in patients with various cancers.
  • To explore AN-9 as a monotherapy and in combination with docetaxel for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • To assess the potential of AN-9 in treating liver tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Phase I/II study initiated in March 2001 for liver tumors.
  • Phase II study completed enrollment by November 2001 for refractory NSCLC.
  • Phase IIb trial initiated in June 2003 for NSCLC, combining AN-9 with docetaxel.

Main Results:

  • Enrollment completed for Phase I/II and Phase II studies.
  • Phase IIb trial commenced, indicating ongoing clinical investigation.
  • Specific efficacy and safety results are pending further trial data.

Conclusions:

  • AN-9 demonstrates potential as an anticancer therapeutic agent.
  • Further clinical trials are necessary to establish the full efficacy and safety profile of AN-9.
  • Combination therapy with docetaxel is being investigated for advanced NSCLC.

More Related Videos

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases08:14

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate08:44

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Published on: February 23, 2016

Related Concept Videos

Dimensional Analysis03:40

Dimensional Analysis

Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
The unit...
Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
Free Energy and Equilibrium02:56

Free Energy and Equilibrium

The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔGrxn is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
Recall that Q is the numerical value of the mass action expression...
Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration02:27

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration

A system at equilibrium is in a state of dynamic balance, with forward and reverse reactions taking place at equal rates. If an equilibrium system is subjected to a change in conditions that affects these reaction rates differently (a stress), then the rates are no longer equal and the system is not at equilibrium. The system will subsequently experience a net reaction in the direction of a greater rate (a shift) that will re-establish the equilibrium. This phenomenon is summarized by Le...
Precipitation Reactions03:10

Precipitation Reactions

In a precipitation reaction, aqueous solutions of soluble salts react to give an insoluble ionic compound – the precipitate. The reaction occurs when oppositely charged ions in solution overcome their attraction for water and bind to each other, forming a precipitate that separates out from the solution. Since such reactions involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution, they are also referred to as double displacement, double replacement, exchange reactions, or...