Evaluation of prophylaxis against hepatitis B in a large municipal hospital

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B can be interrupted by the administration of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B globulin to the infants of carrier mothers. Universal screening of pregnant women makes this strategy possible.

To evaluate the implementation of universal hepatitis B surface antigen screening of women giving birth at Kings County Hospital Center during 1988, we reviewed laboratory records to find all women with a positive test result who might give birth. We also randomly reviewed records of women who gave birth to live infants to determine the percentage of screening in the population. Infants' charts were reviewed for documentation of maternal hepatitis B surface antigen status and administration of hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine.

Sixty infants who lived long enough to receive antihepatitis B prophylaxis were distinguished out of a total of 5146 births. Screening was done for from 66.8% to 80.4% (95% confidence interval) of the mothers of these infants. Although 44 of 60 infants received hepatitis B immune globulin and 39 of 60 infants received vaccine, only 27 of 60 received vaccine within 12 hours in combination with immune globulin (Centers for Disease Control-recommended therapy).

Documentation of hepatitis B surface antigen in the infant's delivery room record was present in 23 of 60 infants. Those infants all received hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine; 21 received hepatitis B immune globulin within 12 hours. Hepatitis B immune globulin was given within 12 hours to 8 of 37 infants who lacked documentation of hepatitis B surface antigen status on the delivery room record. These differences were highly significant (p less than 0.001) even when only the 40 patients who had documented prenatal screening at Kings County Hospital Center (21/23 vs 4/17). Prenatal care did not have any effect on outcome.