[Urogenital bilharziasis: imaging diagnosis]

Urogenital bilharziasis is a well-known disease that seldom is encountered in western countries. Therefore, bilharziasis usually only is considered after tuberculosis, the main differential diagnosis, has been excluded. Using this case, we will discuss the value of different imaging techniques (especially that of CT combined with transrectal US) for diagnosing bilharziasis and review specific criteria to more easily distinguish both pathologies.