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Diffraction in crystalline colloidal-array photonic crystals.

Sanford A Asher1, Jesse M Weissman, Alexander Tikhonov

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA. asher@pitt.edu

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|July 13, 2004
PubMed
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Crystalline colloidal array (CCA) photonic crystals exhibit complex diffraction patterns. Crystal imperfections, like stacking faults, significantly impact light transmission, challenging the fabrication of 3D photonic band gap crystals.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Crystalline colloidal arrays (CCAs) are photonic crystals with potential applications in optics.
  • Understanding their diffraction and crystal structure is crucial for optimizing their performance.
  • Polystyrene spheres are commonly used to fabricate CCAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the diffraction and crystal structure of CCAs made from 270 nm polystyrene spheres.
  • To investigate the influence of crystal imperfections on light transmission.
  • To assess the feasibility of fabricating 3D photonic band gap crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of diffraction intensities from different crystallographic planes (fcc (111), (200), (220), (311)).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of experimental intensities with theoretical calculations.
  • Examination of light transmission through thin CCA samples at Bragg angles.
  • Investigation of sample thickness dependence on diffraction for smaller spheres (120 nm).
  • Utilized a flexible light scattering model for calculations.

    • Main Results:

    • The CCA structure was identified as face-centered cubic (fcc) with significant stacking faults.
    • Light transmission at the Bragg angle for fcc (111) planes was minimal, with most light diffusely scattered due to imperfections.
    • Significant transmission was observed for fcc (200), (220), and (311) planes.
    • Moderate two-dimensional diffraction was observed from surface layers.
    • Diffraction patterns varied with sample thickness and sphere size.

    Conclusions:

    • CCA photonic crystals exhibit complex diffraction behavior influenced by their fcc structure and stacking faults.
    • Crystal imperfections significantly affect light transmission properties, leading to diffuse scattering rather than Bragg diffraction for certain planes.
    • Fabrication of high-quality, three-dimensional photonic band gap crystals using CCAs faces challenges due to inherent crystal imperfections.