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Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
Published on: April 12, 2019
Using overlap and funnel sampling to obtain accurate free energies from nonequilibrium work measurements
Nandou Lu1, Di Wu, Thomas B Woolf
1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, USA.
Abstract:
Two concepts are presented for accurate nonequilibrium work free-energy measurements, realized both in molecular simulation and experiment. First, the need for an intermediate important to both the reference and the target systems (overlap) is indicated. Second, the use of a soft path from each end point to the intermediate (funnel) is demonstrated. Schemes implementing these concepts dramatically improve efficiency and accuracy of free energy calculations, as shown by calculation of the free energy of ion charging in water, and the free energy change in mutation of an adenosine molecule.
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