Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 23, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
Published on: November 9, 2016
The use of oral rehydration solutions in children and adults
1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza, Chicago, IL 60614, USA. TSentongo@childrensmemorial.org
Abstract:
The observation that the intestinal Na(+)-glucose cotransporter remains intact in most diarrheal illnesses led to development of the life-saving, low-cost technology of oral rehydration salt (ORS) solutions. The primary therapeutic role of ORS solutions is in prevention and treatment of dehydration during management of acute gastroenteritis. Successful oral rehydration therapy involves early use of ORS with maintenance or timely resumption of regular feeding. Since the inception of the oral rehydration approach more than three decades ago, the widespread use of ORS solutions has revolutionized the management and outcomes of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. The efficacy of the World Health Organization ORS solution and of commercial ORS formulations has been enhanced by reducing osmolarity. Newer formulations of ORS are under active investigation, with promise of added benefits, including promotion of intestinal healing. This article reviews fluid and electrolyte transport in the gastrointestinal tract, the pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute diarrhea, and the basis and formulation of current and newer ORS solutions. Guidelines for efficacious use of ORS in the management of acute gastroenteritis and short gut syndrome are also provided.
Related Concept Videos
Acute Pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Cholera
Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Disorder of Water Balance
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...