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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
07:33

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Immune therapy for autoimmune diseases.

Lawrence Steinman1

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences and Neurology, and Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. steinman@stanford.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 13, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Understanding autoimmune disease pathophysiology reveals immune therapy targets. Strategies focus on lymphocyte migration, tissue-damaging cytokines, and self-antigen presentation to induce specific immune tolerance.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Increasing understanding of autoimmune disease mechanisms.
  • Identification of key molecular checkpoints in immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore targeted immune therapy strategies for autoimmune diseases.
  • To discuss methods for inducing specific immune tolerance to self-antigens.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lymphocyte adhesion and migration mediators.
  • Investigation of cytokine roles in tissue damage.
  • Examination of self-antigen presentation and T lymphocyte activation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Several immune checkpoints identified for targeted therapy.

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  • Known autoantigens in organ-specific diseases offer targets for tolerization.

    • Conclusions:

    • Immune therapy can target specific pathways in autoimmune diseases.
    • Developing highly specific tolerization strategies is a key goal for treating organ-specific autoimmune conditions.