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Rubella immunization in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children: cause for concern in vaccination

Mylena Lima1, Regina Célia De Menezes Succi, Amélia M Nunes Dos Santos

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|July 13, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impacts rubella vaccine response in children. Those with advanced HIV infection show a poorer antibody response compared to those with preserved immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can unexpectedly increase the number of children susceptible to rubella.
  • Assessing rubella immunization response in HIV-infected children is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the rubella vaccine immune response in HIV-infected children.
  • To compare the response in HIV-infected children with seroreverted and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 15 HIV-infected children, 20 seroreverted children, and 18 healthy controls.
  • Rubella IgG antibody titers were measured before and 3 months after vaccination.
  • All HIV-infected children received highly active antiretroviral therapy from infancy.

Main Results:

  • HIV-infected children in advanced immunologic categories (2/3) had significantly lower rubella antibody titers compared to controls.
  • Antibody levels correlated positively with CD4 T cell counts and negatively with HIV viral load.
  • Only 62% of HIV-infected children in categories 2/3 achieved protective antibody levels, versus 94-100% in other groups.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-infected children with preserved immune function respond well to the rubella vaccine.
  • Children with advanced HIV infection exhibit a diminished response to rubella immunization.
  • These findings highlight the importance of immune status in vaccine efficacy for HIV-infected children.
Abstract

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