Acute hemodialysis: issues in the critically ill

Hemodialysis is a commonly used therapy for renal failure in critically ill patients. This article reviews components of the hemodialysis system, including vascular access, and provides an explanation of principles underlying the hemodialysis process. Expected patient responses and potential complications of hemodialysis therapy are emphasized. Critical care nursing interventions for the care of patients before, during, and after dialysis also are outlined.