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Related Experiment Videos

The effect of initial stimulus type for visual reinforcement audiometry.

Paul Shaw1, Thomas Nikolopoulos

  • 1Children's Hearing Assessment Centre, Nottingham, UK. Paul.Shaw@mail.qmcuh-tr.trent.nhs.uk

International Journal of Audiology
|July 15, 2004
PubMed
Summary

For infant hearing tests using visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA), 1000-Hz narrowband noise (NBN) is more effective than frequency-modulated tones (FMTs). NBN elicited a head orientation response in 69% of infants, compared to only 25% for FMTs.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Pediatric audiology
  • Hearing assessment

Background:

  • Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) is a standard audiological assessment for infants.
  • VRA utilizes operant conditioning, linking auditory stimuli with visual rewards.
  • A common VRA protocol involves assessing unconditioned responses before reinforcement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of 1000-Hz narrowband noise (NBN) and 1000-Hz frequency-modulated tones (FMTs) in eliciting unconditioned head orientation responses in infants during VRA.
  • To determine which stimulus is superior for initiating infant engagement in VRA procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A clinical VRA procedure was employed, presenting auditory stimuli without immediate visual reward.
  • Infants' head orientation responses towards the loudspeaker were observed.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Two stimulus types were tested: 1000-Hz NBN and 1000-Hz FMT, with 100 infants assessed for each stimulus (age 6-30 months).

    • Main Results:

    • A significantly higher unconditioned response rate was observed for 1000-Hz NBN (69%) compared to 1000-Hz FMT (25%).
    • Statistical analysis (Chi-squared) confirmed a highly significant difference favoring NBN.
    • The findings indicate NBN is more effective in capturing infant attention for VRA.

    Conclusions:

    • 1000-Hz narrowband noise is a more effective stimulus than 1000-Hz frequency-modulated tones for eliciting unconditioned head orientation responses in infants undergoing VRA.
    • This study supports the use of NBN as a preferred stimulus in VRA protocols to improve assessment efficiency.
    • Optimizing stimulus selection in VRA can enhance the reliability and success rate of infant hearing evaluations.