Lack of proportionality between gene dosage and total muscle protein content in the rat heart

Counting of isolated cardiomyocytes has demonstrated that their number was 16.8 +/- 0.6 10(6) in both ventricles of weanling rats (28 days after birth), growing in litters of four (fast-growing). In rats growing in litters of 16 (slow-growing), the myocyte number was 11.8 +/- 0.8 10(6). In the control group (8 sucklings per litter), there were 14.2 +/- 10(6) cardiomyocytes. The fast-growing rats had more octoploid cells than slow-growing ones. Considering ploidy and cell number, the total number of myocyte genomes in fast-growing animals was 45% higher than in slow-growing ones. The total content of contractile proteins in fast-growing weanling animals was higher by 28% while sarcoplasmic proteins were 8% higher. This lack of correspondence between the number of myocyte genomes and muscle protein content was even more pronounced at the age of 110 days. The results are compared with the cytophotometric data concerning the lack of correspondence between the total protein content in a myocyte and its DNA amount and chromosome number, i.e., total dosage of the myocyte genes.