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Polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease the apparent affinity of vitamin D metabolites for human vitamin D-binding

R Bouillon1, D Z Xiang, R Convents

  • 1Laboratorium voor Experimentele Geneeskunde en Endocrinologie (LEGENDO), Onderwijs en Navorsing, Leuven, Belgium.

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|September 1, 1992
PubMed
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Free fatty acids, particularly unsaturated ones, significantly impact vitamin D binding protein (DBP) affinity for vitamin D metabolites. This suggests altered vitamin D metabolite bioavailability in vivo.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) is crucial for transporting vitamin D metabolites in serum.
  • The binding affinity of DBP influences the bioavailability of active vitamin D forms.
  • Factors affecting DBP binding, such as free fatty acids (FFA), are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of various substances, including free fatty acids, on the binding affinity of human DBP.
  • To determine how different types of fatty acids (saturated vs. unsaturated) influence DBP's interaction with vitamin D metabolites.

Main Methods:

  • Purified human vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) was used.
  • Binding affinity assays were performed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] in the presence of FFA, cholesterol, and drugs.

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  • Radioactive tracers ([3H]25-OHD3) were employed to quantify binding.

    • Main Results:

    • Mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids markedly decreased the binding affinity of DBP for both 25-OHD3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3.
    • Saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, retinol, retinoic acid, and prostaglandins did not significantly affect DBP binding affinity.
    • Physiological concentrations of certain FFAs (arachidonic, oleic acid) significantly reduced 1,25-(OH)2D3 binding, suggesting altered bioavailability.

    Conclusions:

    • Unsaturated fatty acids, but not saturated ones, can significantly alter the binding of vitamin D metabolites to DBP.
    • The observed effects of FFAs on DBP binding suggest a potential mechanism for modulating vitamin D metabolite bioavailability in vivo.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the clinical implications of FFA-mediated alterations in vitamin D transport.