Prognostic stratification of Dukes B colon cancer by a neoglycoprotein

Disease progression of tumors is accompanied by structural changes of the glycan chains of cellular glycoconjugates. Within the concept of the sugar code the presence of complementary receptors such as lectins translates changes in ligand presentation into biological effects, for example in growth regulation and adhesion. By introducing neoglycoproteins to histopathological colon cancer analysis the questions are addressed as to whether specific binding sites for main N- and O-glycan components are present and whether they harbor potential for prognostic predictions. Synthetic conjugation of fucose, lactose, and mannose derivatives to a carrier protein yielded neoglycoproteins for glycohistochemical analysis. The tumor panel included routinely fixed tissue sections from 67 cancer cases (15 Dukes A, 20 Dukes B, 15 Dukes C, and 17 metastatic tumors) and 6 hepatic metastases as well as 20 normal biopsy specimens as control. Quantitative image analysis determined the labeling index and the mean optical density in each case, separating tumor and peritumoral connective tissue. Specific carbohydrate-dependent binding with inter-individual heterogeneity was observed. The distinct staining profiles were not associated with disease stage or metastasis formation. Strong expression of lactose-binding sites in the peritumoral connective tissue especially in terms of the labeling index was significantly correlated with reduced survival in Dukes B patients (p=0.02). A similar tendency was observed in the Dukes C group. In conclusion, the application of the synthetic markers aimed at lectin detection defines lactose binding as new prognostic marker. It has potential relevance for improving the benefit from adjuvant therapy in Dukes B colorectal cancer patients. Technically, chemical ligand immobilization to an inert carrier can find useful application beyond glycosciences in the quest to extend the panel of tumor markers.