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Ocular biomechanics and biotransport
C Ross Ethier1, Mark Johnson, Jeff Ruberti
1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, and Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada. ethier@mie.utoronto.ca
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
|July 17, 2004
Summary
The eye is a complex biomechanical structure, not just for light transduction. Its mechanics are crucial for focusing and common eye conditions like glaucoma and myopia.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Biomechanics
Background:
- The eye is often viewed primarily for light transduction.
- However, it possesses intricate biomechanical properties, including a pressurized shell, internal/external musculature, vascular systems, and fluid transport mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a concise overview of the biomechanical aspects of the eye.
- To highlight the role of biomechanics in visual function and common ocular disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the biomechanical principles of the eye.
- Analysis of the eye's structural and functional components from a biomechanical perspective.
Main Results:
- The eye functions as a pressurized, thick-walled shell with complex internal and external musculature.
- Biomechanics is integral to accommodation (focusing) and the pathogenesis of conditions like glaucoma, macular degeneration, myopia, and presbyopia.
Conclusions:
- The biomechanical nature of the eye is fundamental to its function and disease.
- Further research into ocular biomechanics is needed to address open problems in the field.