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Do vegetarians have a normal bone mass?

Susan A New1

  • 1Centre for Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, UK. s.new@surrey.ac.uk

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|July 20, 2004
PubMed
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Vegetarian diets, including lacto-ovo and vegan, do not appear to negatively impact bone mass. Further research is needed to clarify the specific benefits of fruit and vegetable intake on bone health.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Poor bone health poses a significant public health concern, necessitating strategies focused on modifiable factors like nutrition.
  • Understanding the impact of dietary patterns, such as vegetarianism, on skeletal integrity is crucial for population-wide prevention efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of vegetarian diets on bone health indices.
  • To determine if vegetarians maintain normal bone mass compared to omnivores.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and analysis of observational, clinical, and intervention studies.
  • Comparison of lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan diets against predominantly meat-based diets.
  • Assessment of protein sources (animal vs. vegetable) and fruit/vegetable consumption's impact on bone.

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Main Results:

  • No significant differences in bone health were observed between lacto-ovo-vegetarians and omnivores.
  • Conflicting evidence exists for protein's role in bone health; high intake (without adequate calcium/alkali) and very low intake (vegan diets) may be detrimental.
  • Increasing evidence suggests a beneficial effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on bone, though mechanisms are unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Current data indicate that vegetarians generally maintain normal bone mass.
  • The complexity of vegetarian diets and confounding lifestyle factors necessitate further investigation.
  • Identifying specific beneficial dietary components, optimal levels, and mechanisms within vegetarian diets for bone health remains a key research challenge.