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Related Experiment Videos

Memory for actions: enactment and source memory.

Susan L Hornstein1, Neil W Mulligan

  • 1Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 21, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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Enacting actions improves memory for items but not the source of those memories. Increased visual feedback during action enactment surprisingly impaired source memory recall.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Enactment effect suggests performing actions enhances memory.
  • Prior research indicates enactment primarily benefits item memory.
  • The impact of enactment on source memory remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how enactment influences source memory.
  • To examine the role of visual feedback in enactment-based source memory.
  • To determine if enactment dissociates item and source memory.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed actions (subject-performed tasks, SPTs) and observed actions (experimenter-performed tasks, EPTs).
  • SPT conditions varied visual feedback: eyes closed, eyes open, or mirror observation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Item memory and source memory were assessed for both SPTs and EPTs.

    • Main Results:

    • Item memory was superior for SPTs compared to EPTs.
    • Source memory for SPTs decreased with increased visual feedback (eyes closed > eyes open > mirror).
    • Enactment did not consistently improve source memory and sometimes impaired it relative to EPTs.

    Conclusions:

    • Enactment selectively enhances item memory, not source memory.
    • Visual feedback during enactment critically modulates source memory accuracy.
    • Findings support the source-monitoring framework and highlight a dissociation between item and source memory.