High-resolution chromoendoscopy in the esophagus

The major role for chromoendoscopy in the esophagus is the identification of premalignant or early cancerous lesions. In combination with high-resolution or magnification endoscopes, chromoendoscopy can potentially increase the diagnostic yield of clinically relevant lesions. Preliminary data have indicated a good correlation of findings using this technique to histopathologic readings. The ultimate goal of chromoendoscopy in combination with high resolution/magnification endoscopy is the determination of histology without obtaining tissue samples. In this article we review the different stains, the technical aspects, and current data in esophageal chromoendoscopy. We summarize possible clinical applications of these techniques and future directions of their use in esophageal diseases.