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[Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics of cancers]

J Robert1

  • 1Institut Bergonié et université Victor-Segalen, 229, cours de l'Argonne, 33076 Bordeaux, France. robert@bergonie.org

Pathologie-Biologie
|July 21, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Human genome sequencing advances personalized cancer chemotherapy through pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. Identifying gene variations and expression profiles helps tailor treatments for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Genomic Medicine
  • Cancer Therapeutics
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • The advent of human genome sequencing provides novel avenues for personalizing cancer chemotherapy.
  • Pharmacogenetics focuses on gene variations affecting drug metabolism and activity.
  • Pharmacogenomics investigates tumor gene expression profiles linked to drug response.

Purpose:

  • To explore how pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics can individualize cancer treatment strategies.
  • To identify genetic markers and gene expression patterns that predict chemosensitivity or chemoresistance.

Summary:

  • Functional polymorphisms in genes like thiopurine methyltransferase and glutathion S-transferases are established.
  • Recent discoveries include polymorphisms in drug target genes (thymidylate synthase), DNA repair enzymes (XPD), and transport proteins (MDR1).
  • Correlations between gene expression profiles and chemosensitivity, studied using in vitro models, show promise for patient stratification.

Impact:

  • Facilitates the identification of patients most likely to benefit from specific chemotherapies.
  • Enables the development of more targeted and effective cancer treatment regimens.
  • Clinical trials are underway to validate these pharmacogenomic approaches for routine clinical application.

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