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Self-estimates of intelligence: a study in two African countries
Adrian Furnham1, Ines Callahan, Debo Akande
1Department of Psychology, University College London, Great Britain, United Kingdom. ucjtsaf@ucl.ac.uk
The Journal of Psychology
|July 22, 2004
Summary
This study found few gender differences in intelligence estimates among South Africans and Nigerians. However, White South Africans reported higher intelligence than Black South Africans, and Nigerians reported higher intelligence than South Africans.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Cross-cultural psychology
- Intelligence studies
Background:
- Previous research indicated gender differences in intelligence self-estimates.
- Cross-cultural variations in intelligence perceptions are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate gender and nationality differences in intelligence estimates among Black and White South Africans and Nigerians.
- To explore beliefs about the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ).
Main Methods:
- A questionnaire was administered to 181 Black and White South Africans and 135 Nigerians.
- Participants estimated their own and their relatives' multiple intelligences.
- Beliefs about the IQ concept were also assessed.
Main Results:
- Few gender differences were observed in self-estimates, contrasting with prior studies.
- White South Africans reported higher intelligence for themselves and relatives compared to Black South Africans.
- Nigerians reported higher self-estimates and IQ-related beliefs than South Africans, with gender differences also noted.
Conclusions:
- Cross-cultural factors significantly influence intelligence perceptions and self-estimates.
- The study highlights nuances in gender and nationality effects on intelligence beliefs, warranting further investigation.