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Perfusion bioreactor for small diameter tissue-engineered arteries.

Chrysanthi Williams1, Timothy M Wick

  • 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Tissue Engineering
|July 22, 2004
PubMed
Summary

A novel perfusion bioreactor enables scalable tissue engineering of small diameter arterial constructs. It supports sequential cell seeding and dynamic culture, promoting cell differentiation and extracellular matrix formation for vascular tissue development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Developing tissue-engineered vascular grafts is crucial for treating cardiovascular diseases.
  • Existing methods often lack scalability and dynamic culture capabilities.
  • Small-diameter arterial tissue engineering requires precise control over cellular environment and mechanical stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a scalable perfusion bioreactor system for creating tissue-engineered arterial constructs.
  • To assess the bioreactor's capability for dynamic, sequential seeding of smooth muscle and endothelial cells.
  • To evaluate the impact of pulsatile flow on cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition.

Main Methods:

  • A modular perfusion bioreactor was designed for sequential cell seeding and dynamic culture.

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  • Bovine aortic smooth muscle and endothelial cells were seeded onto poly(glycolic acid) scaffolds.
  • Cultures were subjected to pulsatile flow for up to 25 days.
  • Cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Cell proliferation exceeded 3-fold within 4 days.
    • Smooth muscle cells exhibited a differentiated phenotype by day 16.
    • Collagen and elastin were uniformly distributed throughout the construct by day 25.
    • Sequential endothelial cell seeding achieved 100% efficiency with confluent monolayers within 48 hours.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed perfusion bioreactor effectively supports sequential seeding of vascular cells.
    • Dynamic culture under pulsatile flow promotes cellular differentiation and ECM deposition.
    • This system advances the development of functional, tissue-engineered arterial constructs.