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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations

Published on: January 10, 2015

Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation.

J O Ebbert¹, L C Rowland, V Montori

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. ebbert.jon@mayo.edu

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|July 22, 2004

Summary

Behavioral interventions are effective for smokeless tobacco (ST) cessation, particularly those including oral examinations and feedback. Pharmacotherapies have not demonstrated long-term benefits for quitting ST.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Addiction Medicine
Oral Health

Background:

Smokeless tobacco (ST) use is a significant cause of nicotine addiction.
ST use is linked to severe health issues, including periodontal disease and oral cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions for treating smokeless tobacco (ST) use.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing interventions for ST cessation.
Searched multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO up to February 2004.
Included RCTs with a minimum six-month follow-up period.

Main Results:

Pharmacotherapies such as bupropion, nicotine patch, and nicotine gum did not show significant long-term benefits for ST cessation.
Behavioral interventions demonstrated varied results, with some trials showing significant benefits.
A post-hoc analysis revealed that behavioral interventions incorporating oral examination and feedback on mucosal changes were effective (OR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.79 to 3.24).

Conclusions:

Behavioral interventions are recommended for individuals seeking to quit smokeless tobacco (ST).
Current evidence does not support the long-term efficacy of pharmacotherapies for ST cessation.
Further large-scale trials are necessary to investigate the role of pharmacotherapies in ST cessation.