Water formation on Pd(111) by reaction of oxygen with atomic and molecular hydrogen

In this work we have studied the steady-state reaction of molecular and atomic hydrogen with oxygen on a Pd(111) surface at a low total pressure (<10(-7) mbar) and at sample temperatures ranging from 100 to 1100 K. Characteristic features of the water formation rate Phi(pH2; pO2; TPd) are presented and discussed, including effects that are due to the use of gas-phase atomic hydrogen for exposure. Optimum impingement ratios (OIR) for hydrogen and oxygen for water formation and their dependence on the sample temperature have been determined. The occurring shift in the OIR could be ascribed to the temperature dependence of the sticking coefficients for hydrogen (SH2) and oxygen (SO2) on Pd(111). Using gas-phase atomic hydrogen for water formation leads to an increase of the OIR, suggesting that hydrogen abstraction via hot-atom reactions competes with H2O formation. The velocity distributions of the desorbing water molecules formed on the Pd(111) surface have been measured by time-of-flight spectroscopy under various conditions, using either gas-phase H atoms or molecular H2 as reactants. In all cases, the desorbing water flux could be represented by a Maxwellian distribution corresponding to the surface temperature, thus giving direct evidence for a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism for water formation on Pd(111).