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Related Concept Videos

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management01:17

Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management

Endotracheal intubation is a critical procedure that can be lifesaving for many patients with respiratory distress or failure. The role of nursing in managing endotracheal tubes is pivotal, as it involves pre-intubation preparation, assisting during the procedure, and post-extubation care.
1. Nursing Care of Patients Before Intubation
Before the endotracheal intubation procedure, nurses play an essential role in ensuring the process goes smoothly. The nurses must be familiar with intubation...
Endotracheal Tube Extubation01:24

Endotracheal Tube Extubation

Endotracheal tube extubation is a critical procedure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. It involves physically removing the oral or nasal endotracheal (ET) tube, marking the final step in liberating a patient from ventilatory support.
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope
06:58

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

Published on: April 5, 2014

Evaluation of laryngeal mask as an alternative to endotracheal intubation in cats anesthetized under spontaneous or

Renata N Cassu1, Stelio P L Luna, Francisco J Teixeira Neto

  • 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, FMVZ, Unesp, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
|July 23, 2004
PubMed
Summary

A laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a viable alternative to endotracheal intubation in cats, though it may increase the risk of gastroesophageal reflux during controlled ventilation. Further research is needed to fully assess safety profiles.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Comparative Airway Management
  • Cardiorespiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Endotracheal intubation (ET) and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) are common airway management techniques in veterinary anesthesia.
  • Comparing their cardiorespiratory effects and incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in cats is crucial for optimizing patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the cardiorespiratory effects and incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) between laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and endotracheal tube (ET) in anesthetized cats.
  • To evaluate these effects under both spontaneous ventilation (SV) and controlled ventilation (CV).

Main Methods:

  • A prospective randomized experimental trial involving 32 cats.
  • Cats received either an ET or LMA and were subjected to spontaneous ventilation (SV) or controlled ventilation (CV).
  • Cardiorespiratory parameters, blood gases, and GER via contrast radiography were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Higher PaCO2 and PE'CO2 were observed in cats with LMA under spontaneous ventilation compared to other groups.
  • No significant differences in PaO2 or hemoglobin oxygen saturation were found between groups.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux occurred in 50% of cats with ET during CV and 25% with LMA during CV; no aspiration was noted.

Conclusions:

  • Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) can be considered an alternative to endotracheal intubation (ET) in anesthetized cats.
  • While aspiration was not observed, the potential for gastroesophageal reflux exists, particularly with mechanical ventilation (CV).
  • Careful monitoring for GER is recommended when using LMAs in ventilated cats.