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Spaceflight alters immune cell function and distribution.

G Sonnenfeld1, A D Mandel, I V Konstantinova

  • 1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
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Spaceflight significantly impacts immune cell function. COSMOS 2044 experiments revealed altered responses in bone marrow cells to granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and changes in spleen and bone marrow cell populations.

Area of Science:

  • Space biology
  • Immunology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Spaceflight poses unique challenges to biological systems, including the immune system.
  • Previous studies on COSMOS missions have indicated spaceflight-induced immune alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of spaceflight on immunologically important cell function and distribution.
  • To compare immune cell responses in space-flown rats with ground-based control groups.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments conducted on COSMOS 2044 using rats with various control groups (vivarium, synchronous, antiorthostatic suspension).
  • Analysis of rat bone marrow cell response to granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
  • Flow cytometry analysis of spleen and bone marrow cells stained with antibodies against cell surface markers.
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline Regulatory PhysiologyNon-NASA Center

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Main Results:

  • Bone marrow cells from flown and suspended rats showed a reduced response to GM-CSF compared to controls.
  • Space-flown rats exhibited an increased percentage of suppressor-cytotoxic T-cells and helper T-cells in spleen cell subpopulations.
  • Bone marrow cells from flown rats displayed altered percentages of helper T-cells and other immune markers in myelogenous and lymphocytic populations.

Conclusions:

  • Spaceflight profoundly affects immune system components and activities, altering cell function and distribution.
  • Results from COSMOS 2044 corroborate and refine findings from previous spaceflight immunology studies.
  • Antiorthostatic suspension models immune responses but does not perfectly replicate spaceflight effects on leukocyte distribution.