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Related Experiment Videos

Polymethylmethacrylate-induced inflammatory macrophages resorb bone.

J Quinn1, C Joyner, J T Triffitt

  • 1Nuffield Department of Pathology and Bacteriology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, England.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
|September 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Macrophages near polymethylmethacrylate cement can cause bone loss, potentially explaining why cemented prostheses loosen. This osteolysis requires specific cellular and hormonal factors for significant bone resorption.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Macrophages accumulate at the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement-bone interface in cemented prostheses.
  • The direct role of these macrophages in PMMA-associated osteolysis and prosthesis loosening remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the osteolytic potential of macrophages derived from PMMA-induced granulomas.
  • To determine the conditions under which these macrophages mediate bone resorption.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of mononuclear phagocytes from PMMA-induced mouse granulomas.
  • Co-culture of macrophages with bone slices, marrow stromal cells, and osteoblast-like cells under specific hormonal conditions (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and dexamethasone).
  • Assessment of bone resorption through lacunae formation and surface changes, and identification of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells.

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Main Results:

  • PMMA-induced macrophages formed resorption lacunae on bone slices.
  • Increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive mononuclear and multinucleated cells were observed.
  • Macrophages induced superficial bone roughening, with significant lacunar osteolysis occurring in the presence of hormonal and stromal support.

Conclusions:

  • PMMA-induced macrophages possess the capacity for both superficial and lacunar osteolysis.
  • Lacunar osteolysis by these macrophages is dependent on specific hormonal and stromal cell interactions.
  • These findings suggest a mechanism for PMMA-associated osteolysis contributing to cemented prosthesis loosening.