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Pairing gap and in-gap excitations in trapped fermionic superfluids.

J Kinnunen¹, M Rodríguez, P Törmä

¹Department of Physics, NanoScience Center, Post Office Box 35, FIN-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 24, 2004

Summary

We studied atomic Fermi gases at superfluid temperatures. Radio-frequency spectroscopy reveals the pairing gap and unpaired atoms, supporting recent observations of many-body pairing in superfluids.

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Area of Science:

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Gases

Background:

Investigating strongly interacting Fermi gases is crucial for understanding emergent quantum phenomena.
Feshbach resonance techniques enable precise control over atomic interactions, facilitating the study of superfluidity.
Pseudogap and superfluid phases represent key states in strongly correlated quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To calculate the radio-frequency excitation spectrum of trapped atomic Fermi gases.
To identify signatures of the pairing gap and in-gap excitations (unpaired atoms).
To provide theoretical support for recent experimental observations of superfluidity in Fermi gases.

Main Methods:

Theoretical calculation of radio-frequency (or laser) excitation spectra.
Analysis of transitions involving the superfluid state.
Modeling of Feshbach-resonance enhanced interactions in Fermi gases.

Main Results:

The calculated spectrum clearly displays the pairing gap.
The spectrum also shows contributions from unpaired atoms, termed in-gap excitations.
The results are consistent with experimental findings on radio-frequency spectroscopy of the pairing gap.

Conclusions:

The observed radio-frequency spectrum supports the existence of a superfluid state in atomic Fermi gases.
Pairing in this system is a many-body phenomenon.
Recent experiments on radio-frequency spectroscopy have successfully observed the pairing gap in Fermi superfluids.