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Pain-related catastrophizing: a daily process study.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Pain Management
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Pain catastrophizing, a negative cognitive-emotional response to pain, is poorly understood regarding its daily stability and associations with pain outcomes.
  • Assessing daily fluctuations in pain catastrophizing is crucial for understanding its role in chronic pain conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability and validity of a daily measure of pain catastrophizing.
  • To examine the stability of pain catastrophizing over time.
  • To investigate patient characteristics associated with catastrophizing and its relationship with daily pain, activity interference, jaw use limitations, and negative mood.

Main Methods:

  • One hundred patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder pain completed daily electronic interviews three times a day for two weeks.
  • Reliability and validity of the daily catastrophizing scale were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and correlation with a validated scale.
  • Statistical analyses examined stability (ICC), patient predictors, and concurrent/subsequent associations between catastrophizing and pain-related outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The daily catastrophizing scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95) and good validity (r = 0.65).
  • Pain catastrophizing was found to be stable over the study period (ICC = 0.72).
  • Younger age, greater depression, pain, and disability predicted higher daily catastrophizing. Catastrophizing was significantly associated with concurrent pain, activity interference, jaw use limitations, and negative mood, but these associations were attenuated when controlling for prior symptom levels. Pain was associated with subsequent catastrophizing, but this was not significant after controlling for prior catastrophizing.

Conclusions:

  • Pain catastrophizing is a stable phenomenon over short durations, even without significant pain changes.
  • Within individuals, periods of heightened pain catastrophizing are linked to increased pain severity, functional disability, and negative mood.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering pain catastrophizing as a relatively stable trait in managing chronic pain conditions.