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Temporal chimeras produced by hypothalamic transplants.

M A Vogelbaum1, M Menaker

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|September 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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A genetic mutation in golden hamsters shortens their internal body clock (circadian rhythm) to 20 hours. Transplanting brain tissue from mutant hamsters into wild-type hamsters revealed complex activity patterns, indicating dual clock influences.

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Locomotor activity in golden hamsters is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) circadian oscillators.
  • A mutation exists that shortens the freerunning period of locomotor activity in homozygous mutants to approximately 20 hours from the wild-type 24 hours.
  • SCN transplants can restore rhythmicity in arrhythmic hosts, adopting the donor's freerunning period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of partially lesioned SCN and mutant SCN transplants on circadian rhythmicity.
  • To analyze the complex locomotor activity patterns resulting from combined host and donor circadian influences.

Main Methods:

  • Partial lesions were made in the SCN of wild-type hamsters, preserving some rhythmicity.
  • Hypothalamic tissue from homozygous mutant fetal donors was transplanted into the lesion site.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Locomotor activity patterns were recorded and analyzed for rhythmic components and periods.

    • Main Results:

    • Locomotor activity in hosts with partial SCN lesions and mutant transplants exhibited complex patterns.
    • These patterns contained rhythmic components from both the host's residual circadian oscillator and the donor's mutant oscillator.
    • The findings suggest the presence of both stimulatory and inhibitory inputs from the circadian system to locomotor control centers.

    Conclusions:

    • The circadian system exerts complex control over locomotor activity through multiple inputs.
    • Partial SCN lesions combined with mutant SCN transplants can reveal the interplay between different circadian oscillators.
    • This study provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm expression and its modulation.