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Gender differences in amniotic fluid cytokine levels.

S H Poggi1, C Y Spong, A Ghidini

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|July 29, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Fetal gender influences amniotic fluid levels of angiogenin, a key protein for blood vessel growth. Lower angiogenin levels were observed in pregnancies with male fetuses, regardless of preterm delivery risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Fetal gender is associated with variations in placental development and amniotic fluid composition.
  • Cytokine and growth factor levels in amniotic fluid may reflect fetal sex-specific physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of fetal gender on amniotic fluid concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and angiogenin.
  • To determine if these levels differ between male and female fetuses during the mid-trimester.

Main Methods:

  • Amniotic fluid samples were collected from 74 singleton pregnancies during mid-trimester amniocentesis for genetic reasons.
  • Levels of IL-6, IL-10, and angiogenin were quantified using immunoassays.
  • Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test.

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Main Results:

  • Angiogenin levels were significantly lower in amniotic fluid from pregnancies with male fetuses compared to female fetuses (p=0.007).
  • No significant differences were found in amniotic fluid IL-6 or IL-10 levels between genders (p=0.4 and p=0.1, respectively).
  • Lower angiogenin levels were also observed in male fetuses from pregnancies delivering preterm (p=0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Second-trimester amniotic fluid angiogenin concentrations are significantly lower in the presence of a male fetus compared to a female fetus.
  • IL-6 and IL-10 levels in amniotic fluid do not appear to be influenced by fetal gender.
  • These findings suggest a potential sex-specific role for angiogenin in pregnancy, even in cases of preterm delivery.