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Related Concept Videos

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

Molecular biological changes in bladder cancer.

K N Qureshi1, J Lunec, D E Neal

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Newcastle, Necastle upon Tyne.

Cancer Surveys
|July 30, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Identifying reliable molecular markers for bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma) is crucial. Combinations of markers like epidermal growth factor receptor and TP53 show promise for diagnosis and prognosis, but require standardized validation.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Pathology
  • Urologic Oncology

Background:

  • Numerous molecular markers for bladder cancer have been identified, but few serve as independent prognostic factors.
  • Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) diagnosis and prognosis may benefit from combined analysis of multiple molecular markers.
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and TP53 alterations are emerging as significant predictors in TCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prognostic significance of molecular markers in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).
  • To assess the potential of combining markers for improved diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.
  • To review the current status and future directions for molecular marker utilization in TCC management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on molecular markers in bladder cancer.

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  • Analysis of studies investigating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunoreactivity.
  • Examination of TP53 alterations as predictors of recurrence, survival, and chemosensitivity in TCC.
  • Discussion of molecular techniques including immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction.

    • Main Results:

    • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunoreactivity is an independent predictor of survival and stage progression in TCC.
    • TP53 alterations may predict recurrence, overall survival, and chemosensitivity in TCC patients, particularly those confined to the bladder or treated with radical cystectomy.
    • Immunohistochemical methods are widely available, while molecular techniques like FISH and PCR are primarily laboratory-based.

    Conclusions:

    • Combinations of molecular markers, such as EGFR and TP53, hold potential for improving bladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
    • Standardization of molecular techniques and validation through large, prospective, multi-institutional studies are necessary to address discrepancies.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of molecular markers in personalized TCC treatment strategies.