Arteriovenous malformation of the foot: a case presentation

Arteriovenous malformations have been reported as rare clinical entities in the foot. When these lesions present, they are most often found in the brain, lungs, and pelvis/thigh of the lower extremity and develop as a result of failed fetal vascular development. Arteriovenous malformations can present with a variety of dermatologic and osseous manifestations. A delayed or missed diagnosis can have severe effects, including chronic ulcerations and osseous manifestations, and lead to amputation. Once identified, a complete evaluation is needed to provide the clinician with a full understanding of the magnitude of the deformity and the potential implications to the limb's vascular status after treatment. A concise review of the literature is provided with a case presentation of an arteriovenous malformation within the foot that was not suspected based on the clinical and imaging evaluation.