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Related Experiment Videos

A direct repeat sequence associated with the centromeric retrotransposons in wheat.

Hidetaka Ito1, Shuhei Nasuda, Takashi R Endo

  • 1Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

Genome
|July 31, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a novel centromeric retrotransposon in wheat using BAC screening. This retrotransposon, pHind258, shows differential distribution across wheat genomes, offering insights into cereal centromere evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Centromeric retrotransposons are key components of eukaryotic genomes, influencing chromosome structure and function.
  • Understanding the distribution and evolution of these elements in cereals like wheat (Triticum) and barley (Hordeum) is crucial for crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize centromeric retrotransposons in Triticum monococcum.
  • To investigate the distribution and copy number variation of these elements across different cereal genomes, particularly within the wheat A, B, and D subgenomes.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of a high-density bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of Triticum monococcum using an integrase region probe.
  • Southern hybridization with genomic DNA from Triticum monococcum, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Subcloning of differentially hybridizing fragments and sequence analysis.
  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the identified clone (pHind258) and its repeat regions as probes.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of a novel centromeric retrotransposon, pHind258, in Triticum monococcum.
    • FISH analysis revealed strong hybridization to centromeres in wheat and rye, and weak hybridization in barley.
    • Sequence analysis confirmed homology to Ty3-gypsy retrotransposons, including integrase and long terminal repeat (LTR) regions.
    • A pair of 192-bp direct repeats within pHind258 showed differential FISH signal intensities across wheat chromosomes, correlating with A, B, and D genome contributions.

    Conclusions:

    • The identified retrotransposon (pHind258) is a valuable marker for studying centromere organization and evolution in cereals.
    • Differential copy number and distribution of this retrotransposon across wheat subgenomes provide insights into the evolutionary history of hexaploid wheat.
    • This element can serve as a tool for comparative genomics and understanding centromeric diversity in Triticeae species.