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Endobronchial tuberculosis simulating bronchial asthma.

T H Lee¹, K N Sin Fai Lam

¹Department of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore.

Singapore Medical Journal

|July 31, 2004

Summary

Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) can mimic asthma and be difficult to diagnose without lung infiltrates. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications like bronchostenosis.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Infectious Diseases
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a significant global health issue.
Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis, often overlooked when parenchymal disease is absent.
EBTB poses diagnostic challenges and can lead to bronchostenosis.

Observation:

A 26-year-old woman presented with cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing, mimicking bronchial asthma.
Chest radiography revealed no lung infiltrates, complicating the initial assessment.
Bronchoscopy was performed due to persistent symptoms.

Findings:

Bronchoscopic findings initially suggested malignancy but were confirmed as EBTB via histology and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture.
Histological examination and microbiological cultures confirmed the diagnosis of EBTB.
The patient later developed bronchostenosis, a known complication of EBTB.

Implications:

Highlights the importance of considering EBTB in patients with respiratory symptoms, even without typical radiographic findings.
Emphasizes the diagnostic utility of bronchoscopy and histological/microbiological confirmation for EBTB.
Underscores the potential for EBTB to cause significant airway complications such as bronchostenosis, necessitating timely intervention.

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