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Risk factors for proximal humerus fracture.
Sarah P Chu1, Jennifer L Kelsey, Theresa H M Keegan
1Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. sarah.chu@cis303.org
American Journal of Epidemiology
|August 3, 2004
Summary
This study identifies new fall-related risk factors for proximal humerus fractures in older adults, including seizure medication and hearing aid use. Preventing falls in frail individuals is key to reducing fracture incidence.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Orthopedics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Proximal humerus fractures are a significant concern in older adults.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors associated with proximal humerus fractures in individuals aged 45 and older.
- To explore novel fall-related risk factors for this fracture type.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted with 448 incident cases and 2,023 controls.
- Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires.
- Statistical analysis included calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Main Results:
- Low bone mass indicators (prior fractures, low calcium intake) increased fracture risk.
- Protective factors included menopausal hormone therapy and calcium supplements.
- Identified fall-related risk factors: previous falls, diabetes, difficulty walking in dim light, seizure medication use (OR=2.80), depression (OR=1.34), hearing aid use (OR=1.92), and left-handedness (OR=2.36).
Conclusions:
- Factors related to low bone mass and fall risk significantly influence proximal humerus fractures.
- Seizure medication, hearing aid use, depression, and left-handedness emerge as potential new risk factors.
- Fall prevention in frail, osteoporotic individuals is essential for reducing fracture frequency.